What Is Melasma?
Melasma is a Hyperpigmentation condition leading to the brownish, blue-grey, or yellowish spots appearing on the skin. It often occurs in areas exposed to the sun, such as the forehead, cheeks, upper lip, and nose. Melasma is caused by excessive pigment responsible for skin colour.
Although the underlying cause is not clear, hormonal changes, factors of sun exposure, and genetic factors play important roles in their formation. The disease is more common in women, especially women with pigmentation of the skin.
Symptoms Of Melasma?
- Patches of deep brown or black areas on the face, especially cheeks, forehead, nose, and chin.
- Symmetrical distribution of pigmentation.
- Subtle patches may also occur on the forearms, neck or shoulder.
Causes Of Melasma?
- Hormonal Changes - Melasma is induced by pregnancy, hormonal medications, or the combined oral contraceptive pill.
- Sun Exposure - Ultraviolet (UV) rays stimulate melanin production, aggravating Melasma.
- Genetics - A family history of Melasma increases susceptibility.
- Skin Irritation - Certain skincare products or treatments can exacerbate pigmentation.
Melasma diagnosis is easy and a visual assessment is performed by a dermatologist. In Dermavision - The Skin Clinic, we employ sophisticated ones such as the Woods lamp examination, which can also analyze the depth of pigmentation. In this case, a skin biopsy could be conducted to exclude other diseases.
Treatment Options for Melasma
Melasma while treatment may not always be curative, can be markedly improved with an effective treatment plan.
Topical Treatments
- Hydroquinone - A skin-lightening agent that reduces melanin production.
- Tretinoin & Corticosteroids - A commonly used combination with hydroquinone in 3-combination creams for better results.
- Azelaic Acid and Kojic Acid - Effective alternatives for sensitive skin.
Chemical Peels
Mild to moderate chemical peels, such as glycolic acid or salicylic acid peels, exfoliate the skin and improve discolouration.
Laser and Light Therapy
- At Dermavision - The Skin Clinic, our dermatologists use cutting-edge lasers that are customised to each patient's needs, such as fractional lasers, IPL (intense pulsed light), and Q-switched lasers that treat melanin and produce a more even skin tone.
Microdermabrasion
- This highly invasive procedure removes the outermost skin layer, lightening Hyperpigmentation, and improving the skin's texture.
Oral Medications
- In a few cases, oral drugs (tranexamic acid, for example) are available to help the pigmentary defect.
Prevention of Melasma
Managing Melasma often requires ongoing preventive measures:-
- Sun Protection - Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or greater daily, even though indoors, to avoid exposure to UV rays.
- Protective Clothing - Wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses protect from the sun.
- Avoid Triggers - Recognize and stay away from irritants to the skin.
- Consistent Skincare Routine - Introduce gentle cleansers, moisturizers and dermatologist-tested agents into your daily routine.
